NDM: The changing face of news media

NDM: The changing face of news media

Research the major players in terms of UK news providers and make notes in a detailed blog post. List companies, publications/channels/programmes, owners, statistics and anything else you find relevant.

You must include all three platforms (print, broadcast, e-media) and both commercial and non-commercial institutions (e.g ITN/BBC). 

Make sure you include at least FIVE different institutions across the three platforms. You may wish to use bullet points to cover the key information about each institution.

PRINT.

The Sun.

The Sun is a tabloid newspaper that has been published in the United Kingdom and Ireland. 

• Was founded in 1964 as a successor to the Daily Herald. 
• Became a tabloid in 1969 after it was purchased by its current owners.
• It is published by the News Group Newspapers division News UK. 
• Wholly owned by News corp. 
• Political alignment: Conservative, SNP, Fine Gae.
• Number of copies it distributes on an average day 1,575,996 (as of May 2017).
• The Sun on Sunday was launched in February 2012, the paper has been a seven-day operation.
• The Sun has the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, but in late 2013 slipped to second largest Saturday newspaper behind the Daily Mail.
• Between July and December 2013 the paper had an average daily readership of approximately 5.5 million, with approximately 31% of those falling into the ABC1 demographic and 68% in the C2DE demographic. Approximately 41% of readers are women and 59% are men.
• The Sun has been involved in many controversies in its history.
• The Sun was first published as a broadsheet on 15 September 1964, with a logo featuring a glowing orange disc. It was launched by owners IPC (International Publishing Corporation) to replace the failing Daily Herald before being brought by Rupert Murdoch.

The Guardian.

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper, known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. Along with its sister papers The Observer and the Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust.

• Was founded in 1821 by John Edward Taylor.
• The publisher and owner of this newspaper is the Guardian Media Group.
• It is a Daily newspaper
• Their political alignment is centre-left
• The newspaper's circulation is 153,163 (as of December 2016)
• Notable scoops include the 2011 News International phone hacking scandal, in particular the hacking of murdered English teenager Milly Dowler's phone. The investigation led to the closure of the UK's biggest selling Sunday newspaper, and one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world.
• The newspaper has an online UK edition as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia (founded in 2013) and Guardian US (founded in 2011).
• The newspaper's online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world in October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. Its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million British readers.

Daily mirror.

The Daily Mirror is a British national daily tabloid newspaper.

• Founded in 1903 by Alfred Harmsworth who sold it to his brother Harold Harmsworth in 1913.
• In 1963 a restructuring of the media interests of the Harmsworth family led to the Mirror becoming a part of International Publishing Corporation. 
• During the mid 1960s, daily sales exceeded 5 million copies, a feat never repeated by it or any other daily (non-Sunday) British newspaper since. 
• The Mirror was owned by Robert Maxwell between 1984 and 1991. 
• The paper went through a protracted period of crisis after his death before merging with the regional newspaper group Trinity in 1999 to form Trinity Mirror.
• It is now owned by parent company Trinity Mirror.
• Number of copies it distributes on a average day is 716,923 (as of December 2016).
• Political Alignment: Labour. 
• From 1985 to 1987, and from 1997 to 2002, its title was The Mirror.
• Its Sunday sister paper is the Sunday Mirror.
• Unlike other major British tabloids, the Mirror has no separate Scottish edition - this function is performed by the Daily Record and Sunday Mail which incorporate certain stories from the Mirror that are of Scottish significance.
• Originally pitched to the middle-class reader, it was transformed into a working-class newspaper after 1934, in order to reach a large, lowbrow audience.

The Times.

• The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England and was Founded in1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register
• Format: Compact.
• Owner: News UK
• The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, itself wholly owned by News Corp. 
• Political Alignment: Centre-right.
• The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967.
• The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, such as The Times of India and The New York Times. In countries where these other titles are popular, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London, although the newspaper is of national scope and distribution.
• The Times was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years, but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal more to younger readers and commuters using public transport. The Sunday Times remains a broadsheet.
• The Times had an average daily circulation of 446,164 in December 2016; in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average daily circulation of 792,210
• The Times was founded by publisher John Walter on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register, with Walter in the role of editor.

The Telegraph.

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.

• It was founded by Arthur B. Sleigh in 1855 as The Daily Telegraph and Courier.
• Format: Broadsheet. 
• Owner: Telegraph Media Group
• Political Alignment: Conservative and centre-right. 
• The Telegraph is widely regarded as a national "newspaper of record" and it maintains an international reputation for quality, having been described by the BBC as being "one of the world's great titles".
• The paper had a circulation of 460,054 in December 2016, having declined following industry trends from 1.4 million in 1980.
• Its sister paper, The Sunday Telegraph, which started in 1961, had a circulation of 359,287 as of December 2016.
• Its sister paper, The Sunday Telegraph, which started in 1961, had a circulation of 359,287 as of December 2016. 
• The Daily Telegraph has the largest circulation for a broadsheet newspaper in the UK and the sixth largest circulation of any UK newspaper as of 2016. 

BROADCAST.

BBC News Television Channel.


BBC News (also known as the BBC News Channel) is the BBC's 24-hour rolling news television network in the United Kingdom.

• The channel launched as BBC News 24 on 9 November 1997 at 17:30 as part of the BBC's foray into digital domestic television channels.
• BBC News become the first competitor to Sky News, which had been running since 1989.
• For a time, looped news, sport and weather bulletins were available to view via BBC Red Button.
• Network: BBC Televison. 
• Owned by: BBC
• Audience Share: 1.09% (April 2017)
• Sister Channels: 
• BBC One
• BBC Two
• BBC Three
• BBC Four
• BBC Parliament
• CBBC
• CBeebies
• On 22 February 2006, the channel was named News Channel of the Year at the Royal Television Society Television Journalism Awards for the first time in its history.
• In April 2008, the channel was renamed BBC News as part of a £550,000 rebranding of the BBC's news output, complete with a new studio and presentation.
•  BBC News 24 was originally available to digital terrestrial, satellite and cable television subscribers.

ITV News Television Channel.









The ITV News Channel was a 24-hour television news channel in the United Kingdom which broadcast from 1 August 2000 to 23 December 2005.

• Owned by ITN/NTL and ITV plc.
• Audience share: 0.1 (December 2005).
• Formally known as ITN News Channel. 
• It was available on Sky, NTL: Telewest, Freeview (latterly only between 6:00 am and 6:00 pm when ITV4 cut its hours to half day in 2005) and analogue cable, presenting national and international news plus regular business, sport, entertainment and weather summaries.
• Priority was usually given to breaking news stories. 
• There was also an added focus on British stories, drawing on the resources of the ITV network's regional newsrooms.
• The channel was replaced by ITV4 and CITV.
• As the ITN News Channel, it was broadcast from a small studio with accommodation for only one presenter at a time.
• The channel's main competitors were Sky News and BBC News 24.
• In December 2005 it was confirmed that the channel would close down in 2006, in order to use its Freeview bandwidth (which was already timeshared with ITV4) to launch the CITV channel based on the existing CITV brand, and to use its funding to boost ITV News coverage on the main ITV Network. But on 15 December 2005 the decision was taken to close the ITV News Channel.

Channel 4 News Television Channel.


Channel 4 News is the main news programme on British television broadcaster Channel 4. It is produced by ITN, and has been in operation since Channel 4's launch in November 1982.

• Channel 4 News is among the highest-rated television programmes in the United Kingdom, winning a record five Royal Television Society Television Awards in February 2006.
• Running time: 55 minutes.
• It won the News Coverage British Academy Television Award in 2004 and the 2004 International Emmy for the best news programme produced and aired outside the United States. 
• Channel Four News at Noon was first introduced in 2003 for the duration of the Iraq War, and due to its instant success, it was kept on in Channel 4's daytime schedule (except when live Horse Racing was being broadcast).
• Prior to this bulletin, the programme in the slot was Powerhouse, a political news programme, also produced for Channel 4 by ITN. 
• As a consequence of the advertising slowdown during the 2009 recession, the programme was cancelled, along with More4 News and replaced with the five minute Channel 4 News Summary, the last broadcast airing on 18 December 2009.

Sky News Television Channel.

Sky News is a 24-hour international multimedia news organisation based in the UK that started as a 24-hour television news channel. John Ryley is the Head of Sky News, a role he has held since June 2006.

• Lunched: 5th February 1989.
• Owned by: Sky plc (distributed worldwide by Fox Networks Group:
• Audience Share: 0.74% (July 2017)
• Channels:
• Challenge
• Pick
• Real Lives
• Sky One
• Sky Two
• Sky Arts
• Sky Atlantic
• Sky Cinema
• Sky Living
• Sky Sports
• Sky Sports Box Office
• Sky Sports F1
• Sky Sports News
• A channel called Sky News International, with the same news content as the UK channel but without British adverts, is available in Europe, Africa, Asia and the United States.
• In the early days the channel operated on a £40 million budget (plus £10 million share of overheads)
• By March 1992, Sky News' parent company turned from loss to profit.
• Sky News was the UK's first 24-hour news channel, broadcast on Astra 1A. 
• It had no local competition until November 1997 when BBC News launched a new 24-hour channel, BBC News 24, (BBC News). 
• In March 2000 Sky News Active was launched, a 24-hour interactive service providing headlines (and other services which ranged from weather, the top story of the day and showbiz) on demand.

Independent Radio News

Independent Radio News provides a service of news bulletins, audio and copy to commercial radio stations in the United Kingdom and beyond.

• The managing director of IRN is Tim Molloy, who succeeded long-term MD John Perkins in November 2009. Perkins had been MD of IRN since 1989.
• IRN's shareholders are Global (54.6%), Bauer Radio (22.3%), ITN (19.7%) and The Wireless Group (3.4%).
• IRN launched on 8 October 1973 with the first bulletin read at 0600 by an Australian newsreader.
• In 1991, the Sunrise Radio IRN service was introduced. 
• The hourly news bulletins were broadcast on Sunrise Radio's channel on the Astra satellite in a move designed to serve smaller commercial, RSL and hospital stations who struggled to afford the expensive standard IRN satellite equipment. This continued until 31 August 2004.
• On 5 October 1992, ITN took over the running of the IRN operation from LBC.
• IRN bulletins had a major overhaul in September 2002. The bulletin outcue for many years: "Independent Radio News", was dropped and all bulletins were of three minutes duration. 
• This radio station feeds 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
• In June 2008, IRN started supplying a feed of news, sport and entertainment stories and video to the websites of client radio stations.
• In 15 October 2008, IRN announced that Sky News Radio was to replace ITN as its contracted news supplier from March 2009 for a three-year contract.

E-MEDIA.

The Huffington Post Website.

HuffPost (formerly The Huffington Post and sometimes abbreviated HuffPo) is a politically liberal American news and opinion website and blog that now has both localised and international editions.

• Founded by Andrew Breitbart, Arianna Huffington, Kenneth Lerer, and Jonah Peretti.
• Published: May 9 2005 as a liberal commentary outlet, blog and an alternative to news aggregators such as the Drudge Report, and it continues to maintain a politically liberal stance.
• Parent Company: Verizon Communications via Oath Inc. 
• It is a commercial website. 
• The site offers news, satire, blogs, and original content and covers politics, business, entertainment, environment, technology, popular media, lifestyle, culture, comedy, healthy living, women's interests, and local news.
• On February 7, 2011, AOL acquired The Huffington Post for US$315 million,
• In July 2012, The Huffington Post was ranked No. 1 on the 15 Most Popular Political Sites list by eBizMBA Ran.
• Prior to The Huffington Post, Huffington hosted the website Ariannaonline.com. 

Mail Online.

MailOnline (also known as dailymail.co.uk) is the website of the Daily Mail, a newspaper in the United Kingdom, and of its sister paper The Mail on Sunday. MailOnline is a division of DMG Media, part of Associated Newspapers Ltd.

• Launched: 2003
• Owned by: Daily Mail and General Trust
• It is a comercial website.
• The content that this website offers is entertainment, lifestyle and personal finance. 
• Launched in 2003, MailOnline was made into a separately managed site in 2006 under the editorship of Martin Clarke.
• It is now the most visited English-language newspaper website in the world, with over 11.34m visitors daily in August 2014.
• The website has an international readership, featuring separate home pages for the UK, USA, India and Australia.
• While the MailOnline maintains the conservative editorial stance of the print edition, much of the content featured on the website is produced exclusively for the MailOnline and is not published in the Daily Mail
• The website reached 199.4 million unique monthly visitors in December 2014, up from 189.52 million in January 2014 and 128.59 million in May 2013, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations.
• In January 2014 it paid over £1m to the Charleston Daily Mail for the domain name www.dailymail.com in order to increase its attractiveness to US advertisers.
• Globally the site was forecast to reach £60m in advertising sales in the year to September 2014, up 49%. £35m has been invested in creating the site. The site has introduced sponsored articles, with a guarantee of 450,000 page views at a cost of £65,000 per article.

NME.

New Musical Express (NME) is a British music journalism .

• In 1996 the NME started its website NME.com under the stewardship of NME editor Steve Sutherland and NME publisher Robert Tame.
• In November 1999 the site hosted the UK's first webcast, of Suede 'Live in Japan'.
•  In 2001 the site gave away a free MP3 of the Strokes' debut single "Last Nite" a week before its release.
• The focus was migrated towards video, audio and the wider music community. 
• It was awarded Best Music Website at the Record of the Day awards in October 2005. 
• In 2006 was awarded the BT Digital Music Award for Best Music Magazine and the first chairman's Award from the Association of Online Publishers.
• In 2007, NME.com was launched in the USA with additional staff.
•  In 2011, NME.com had over 7 million monthly unique users
• In May 2011, NME.com launched a sister site dedicated to video, NMEVideo.com, and released the NME Festivals smartphone app. Sponsored by BlackBerry, it featured line-ups, stage times, photo galleries and backstage video interviews, and was downloaded 30,000 times.
• The following month, NME launched its first iPad app.
• In September 2011, NME.com organised and live-blogged a real-time Nirvana Nevermind Twitter listening party to mark the 20th anniversary of the classic album.
• The site also launched a new series of self-produced band documentary films, entitled The Ultimate Guide.
• In October 2011 the site celebrated its 15th birthday by publishing a list of the 150 best tracks of NME.com's lifetime.

Google News.

Google News is a free news aggregator provided and operated by Google, selecting news from thousands of news websites.

• Launched: September 2002.
• It is a commercial site. 
• Owner: Google, Inc. 
• As of 2013, Google News was watching more than 50,000 news sources worldwide. Versions for more than 60 regions in 28 languages were available in March 2012. As of September 2015, service is offered content in 35 languages.
• The service covers news articles appearing within the past 30 days on various news websites. 
• In total, Google News aggregates content from more than 25,000 publishers.
• For the English language, it covers about 4,500 sites.
• On December 1, 2009, Google announced changes to their "first click free" program, which has been running since 2008 and allows users to find and read articles behind a paywall - The reader's first click to the content is free, and the number after that would be set by the content provider.
• On July 14, 2011, Google introduced "Google News Badges," which it later retired in October 2012.
• In March 2005, Agence France-Presse (AFP) sued Google for $17.5 million, alleging that Google News infringed on its copyright.
• On June 6, 2006, Google News expanded, adding a News Archive Search feature, offering users historical archives going back more than 200 years from some of its sources. There was a timeline view available, to select news from various years.
• In May 2011, Google cancelled plans to scan further old newspapers. About 60 million newspaper pages had been scanned prior to this event. 
• Google announced that it would instead focus on "Google One Pass, a platform that enables publishers to sell content and subscriptions directly from their own sites".

Blog task 2: The impact of Google

Read this article looking at the impact Google has had on the traditional newspaper business.

Answer the following questions:

1) Why has Google led to the decline of the newspaper industry?

Google had led to the decline in newspapers as more advertisers are turning to Google in order to advertise their company/product instead of advertsing in newspapers. This therefore has resulted in Google collating a large amount of revenue leaving newspapers in a predicament and causing them to decline.  

2) Find a statistic from the article that illustrates the decline of traditional news media.

Advertising money has disappeared from the newspaper business over the past decade or so — more than $40 billion, or about 60 percent of the ad revenue the industry generated at its peak in 2000.

3) Looking at the graph featured in the article, what period has seen the steepest decline in newspaper advertising revenue? 

The Carpe Diem Blog period.

4) Do you personally think Google is to blame for newspapers closing and journalists losing their jobs? Why?

In my opinion, Google plays a big part for newspapers closing and journalists loosing their jobs but this is not solely the reason that there is a decline. 
I think that Google attracts alot of advertisers due to their large target audience and popularity amongst several users. Advertisers may see this as an opportunity to receive more potential customers as, in comparison to newspapers, advertisers are subjected to a certain demographic/particular newspaper. As there is an increase in digital consumption, there is a larger opportunity here. 

However, I also just think that convenience, instant gratification and free content availability are also to blame for the newspapers declining as you can not get these features when you purchase a print newspaper. 

5) Read the comments below the article. Pick one comment you agree with and one you disagree with and explain your response to the comments in detail.

I agree and disagree with this comment to some extent. 
I believe that through a organisational aspect, some things should cost money on Google as alot of companies are becoming insolvent/ not making a large amount of profit due to users not purchasing their goods and services. I believe that this is due to users becoming accustom to receiving free content online. Even though organisations do have a fee, consumers are either likely not to pay or go to another source that is free and contains the same type of content. This, I think is bad for organisations are they are not receiving potential revenue. 

However, I think that the use of free Google has come to alot of advantages. Consumers are able to become more knowledgable on things due to them being able to search it up for free. Also, alot of opportunities has risen because of Google being unpaid for. Alot of individuals/businesses have been able to build their brand and become knowledgable to the market they are in. More user-generated content, interactiveness, communication, prosumption and variety of content has been beneficial to consumers.

In all, I think that if Google was initially a profit-driven organisation, the population of consumers and revenue that companies make would not be a problem as users would be used to paying a fee to use their services. However, as this is not the case, I believe that the use of free Google is beneficial for consumers but not so much some businesses.